Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common causes of dry, irritated eyes. Yet it is often recognized only late. The meibomian glands are located in the upper and lower eyelids and produce an oily secretion that protects the tear film from evaporating. When these glands become blocked or no longer work properly, the tear film gets out of balance.
The exact causes of MGD are not fully understood. Known associations exist with:
Children can also be affected, especially when blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelid margin) is present.
At the beginning, MGD often causes no noticeable complaints. Over time, the following symptoms can occur:
MGD and blepharitis often occur together. Blepharitis describes an inflammation of the eyelid margins, which manifests itself through redness, swelling, and flaking. Both conditions reinforce each other and are therefore often treated together. Important to know: neither MGD nor blepharitis is contagious.
A complete cure is not possible, but with consistent care the complaints can be well controlled. The treatment is based on several pillars:
Warmth liquefies the thickened glandular secretion and allows it to drain. Use a warm, damp cloth, a special heat mask, or a warm tea bag. The compress should be placed on the closed eyelids for about 5 to 10 minutes, twice a day for acute complaints, at least once a day for prevention.
Directly after the warm application, gently massage the eyelids with your fingertips: the lower eyelid is stroked upward, the upper eyelid downward. The light pressure presses the softened secretion out of the glands.
Clean the eyelid margins daily with a cotton swab or a soft cloth and a mild cleaning solution (e.g. special lid-care wipes or heavily diluted baby shampoo). This removes crusts, excess oil, and bacteria.
Dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil or linseed oil) can improve the quality of the glandular secretion. Discuss taking them with your doctor beforehand, especially if you are taking other medications.
For more severe complaints, antibiotic eye drops or ointments, oral antibiotics (e.g. low-dose doxycycline), or anti-inflammatory drops may be prescribed. Artificial tears additionally relieve the feeling of dryness.
For stubborn cases, modern treatment options are available at the ophthalmology practice:
MGD is a chronic disease that requires ongoing eyelid care. The good news: with a regular routine of warmth, massage, and cleaning, the complaints remain well manageable in most of those affected. Regular eye check-ups help to adjust the therapy if necessary.