To the Glossary

Epiblepharon

Epiblepharon is a congenital eyelid malformation in which an excess skin fold and a strengthened eyelid muscle push the eyelashes inward against the eye. The lower eyelid is usually affected. Epiblepharon is particularly common in children of East Asian descent but also occurs in children of other ethnicities.

Cause

In epiblepharon, an extra skin and muscle fold at the eyelid margin pushes the eyelash row upward and inward. Unlike entropion (in which the entire eyelid turns inward), the eyelid position itself remains normal in epiblepharon. Only the eyelashes are redirected.

Symptoms

The inward-directed eyelashes rub on the cornea and conjunctiva, which can lead to the following symptoms:

  • Watery eyes
  • Redness and irritation
  • Foreign body sensation
  • Frequent rubbing of the eyes (especially in young children)
  • Light sensitivity
  • With prolonged contact: corneal abrasions (erosions), which can cause pain and temporary vision deterioration

Some children show surprisingly few symptoms despite noticeably inward-turned eyelashes because their lashes are softer than those of adults.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made during the ophthalmological examination:

  • Visible eyelashes resting on the eye surface
  • Examination of the cornea with the slit lamp and, if needed, staining with fluorescein to make corneal damage visible
  • Differentiation from entropion and from trichiasis (individual misdirected eyelashes)

Natural Course

In many cases, epiblepharon resolves on its own as the child grows. Over the first years of life, the facial anatomy changes - the cheeks become narrower, the nasal bridge becomes higher - so that the excess skin fold at the eyelid recedes and the eyelashes assume their natural outward direction.

Treatment

Conservative Measures

  • Lubricating eye drops or ointments: Protect the cornea from friction and relieve symptoms
  • Regular check-ups: To detect corneal damage early
  • Watchful waiting: Especially in younger children with mild symptoms, since spontaneous improvement is likely

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is recommended when:

  • Recurrent or persistent corneal abrasions occur
  • Significant symptoms persist despite conservative measures
  • No spontaneous improvement occurs with growth

In the surgical procedure, the excess skin and muscle fold at the eyelid margin is removed and the eyelashes are brought into a natural position. The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and usually leaves an inconspicuous scar in the eyelid area. The success rate is high.

What Parents Should Know

  • Epiblepharon often looks more concerning than it actually is. Many cases resolve on their own with growth.
  • Regular check-ups with the ophthalmologist are important to monitor the cornea.
  • If your child frequently rubs the eyes, has watery eyes, or is light sensitive, have this evaluated by an ophthalmologist.